1.9 Installing Operating Systems

Boot methods

Boot: turn on computer and call and start OS to the memory

USB Storage - USB must be bootable, Computer must support booting from USB
Optical media - CD-ROM and DVD-ROM
PXE ("Pixie", Preboot eXecution Environment) - Perform a remote network installation, Computer must support booting with PXE
Internet-based (directly) - Linux distributions, macOS Recovery installation, Windows updates
External / hot swappable drive - Some external drives can mount an ISO image (optical drive image), Boot from USB
Internal hard drive (a new hard drive or SSD) - Install and boot from separate drive, Create and boot from new partition

Types of installations

In-place upgrade - Maintain existing applications and data (leave all of applications and data files)
Recovery partition - Hidden partition with installation files
Clean install - Wipe the slate clean and reinstall, Migration tool can help
Image deployment - Deploy a clone on every computer, Relatively quick, Can be completely automated
Repair installation - Fix problems with the Windows OS, Does not modify user files
Remote network installation - Local server or shared drive, Install across the Internet
Load alternate third party drivers when necessary - Disk controller drivers, etc
(Install drivers during the installation process)

The disk partition

Separates the physical drive into logical pieces - Useful to keep data separated, Multiple partitions are not always necessary
Useful for maintaing separate operating systems - Windows, Linux, etc
Formatted partitions are calledd volumes - Microsoft's nomenclature

nomenclature: the desiving or choosing of names for things

GPT partition style

GPT (GUID Partition Table) - Globally Unique IDentifier, The lastest partition format standard
Requires a UEFI BIOS - Can have up to 128 GPT partitions, Maximum partition size is over 9 billion TB, Windows max partition is currently 256TB
No need for extended partitions or logical drives

MBR Partition style

Older OS

MBR (Master Boot Record) - The old standby, with all of the old limitations, Maximum partition size of 2TB
Primary - Bootable partitions, Maximum of four primary partitions per hard disk, One of the primary partitions can be marked as Active
Extended - Used for extending the maximum number of partitions, One extended partition per hard disk (optioanl), Contains additional logical partitions, Logical partitions inside an extended partition are not bootable

Disk partitioning

Make sure you backup before changing any partitons

The first step when preparing disks (May already be partitioned) - Existing partitions may not always be compatible with your new OS
An MBR-style hard disk can have up to 4 partitions
GPT support up to 128 partitions - Requires UEFS BIOS or BIOS -> compatiability mode, BIOS -> compatiblility mode disables UEFI SecureBoot
BE CAREFUL! - Serious potential for data loss, This is not an everyday occurrence

Quick format vs. full format

The way that you create a file system is with the format command

Quick format - Creates a new file table, Looks like data is erased, but it's not, No additional checks
Quick format the default during installation is Windows 10 and 11 - Use 'diskpart' for a full format
(-> Doesn't delete or overwrite)
Full format - Writes zeros to the whole disk, Your data is unrecverable, Checks the disk for bad sectors (time consuming)
(-> Backup!)

Why upgrade?

Upgrade vs. Install - Upgrade: Keep files in place, Install: Start over completely fresh
Maintain consistancy - Customized configurations, Multiple local user accounts
Upgrades save hours of time - Avoid application reinstall, Keep user data intact, Keep user settings, Get up and running quickly

Upgrade methods

In-place upgrade - Upgrade the existing OS, Kep all applications, documents, and settings, Start the setup from inside the existing OS
Clean install - Wipe everything and reload, Backup your files, Start the setup by booting from the installation media

Prepare the boot drive

Know your drive - Is data on the drive? Has the drive been formatted? What partitions are on the drive?
Backup any old data - You may need that data again someday, Save user preferences
Most partitioning and formatting can be completed during the installation - Clear the drive and start fresh

Before the installation

Check minimum OS requirements - Memory, disk space, etc, And the recommended requirements
Run a hardware compatibility check - Runs when you perform an upgrade, Run manually from the Windows setup screen, Windows 10 Upgrade Checker, PC Health Check for Windows 11
Plan for installation questions - Drive/partition configuration, license keys, etc
Application and driver compatibility - Check with the app developer and hardware manufacturer

Windows product life cycle

Quality updates - Monthly security updates and bug fixes
Feature updates - Annual update with new features, Used to occur every three to five years
Support is provided after the release - 18 to 36 months, Dependent on the Windows version and edition
Also called the Modern Lifecycle Policy - For continously supported products

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