1.4 Mobile Device Connectivity

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Cellular Standards

 

 

 

 

Cellular networks

 

• Mobile devices - "Cell" phones
• Separate land into "cells" - Antenna coverages a cell with certain frequencies
• 2G networks - GSM -> Global System for Mobile Communications, CDMA -> Code Division Multiple Access
• Poor data support - Orignially used circuit-switching, Minor upgrades for some packet-switching

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

GSM

 

• Global System for Mobile Communications - Mobile networking standard
• 90% of the market - Originally an EV standard, Worldwide coverage
• Used by AT&T and T-Mobile in the United States - Move your SIM card from phone to phone (Subscriber Identity Module)
• Original GSM standard used multiplexing - Everyone gets a little slice of time

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

CDMA

 

• Code Division Multiple Access - Everyone communicates at the same time, Each call uses a different code, The codes are used to filter each call on the receiving side
• Used by Verizon and sprint (US) - Handsets are controlled by the network provider, Not much adoption elsewhere

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

3G technology

 

• 3rd Generation - Introduced in 1998
• Upgraded data connectivity over 2G - Incremental 3G updates improved speeds, Usually several megabits per second
• Bandwidth improvement allowed new functionally - GPS, Mobile television, Video on demand

 

on demand: allows user to access videos, television shows and films

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

4G and LTE

 

• Long-Term Evolution (LTE) - A "4G" technology, Converaged Standard (GSM and CDMA providers), Based on GSM and EDGE (Enhanced Data Rates for GSM Evolution), Standard supports download rates of 150Mbit/s
• LTE Advanced (LTE-A) - Standard supports download rates of 300Mbit/s

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

5G

 

• 5th generation celluar networing - At higher frequencies, Eventually 10 Gbit/s, Slower speeds from 100-900 Mbit/s
• Significant IoT impact - Bandwidth becomes less of a constraint, Larger data transfers, Faster monitoring and notification, Additional cloud processing

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Updates

 

• PRL updates - Preferred Roaming List, CDMA networks (i.e. Verizon, sprint)
• Allows your phone to connect to the right tower - Can be updated over-the-air (OTA)

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Hotspot

with 802.11 network

 

• Turn your phone into a WiFi hotspot - Your own personal wireless router, Extend the cellular data network to all of your devices
• Dependent on phone type and provider - May require additional charges and data costs

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

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Mobile Device Connectivity

 

 

 

 

Bluetooth pairing

 

• Connect a Bluetooth device - Built-in security, Use or verify a PIN
• Pair the devices one time - Feture connections should be automatic
• Check with the manufacturer - May prefer a specific seqeunce, Discoverable mode isn't always obvious

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Bluetooth pairing process

 

• Enable Bluetooth on both devices - Android and iOS -> Settings / Bluetooth
• Set devices to discoverable mode - May require key sequence on Bluetooth device
• Select discovered device - Many devices may appear!
• Enter or confirm PIN - Should be the same on both devices
• Test connectivity - Devices should now communicate

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

GPS (Global Positioning System)

 

• Created by the U.S. Department of Defense - Over 30 satellites currently in orbit
• Precise navigation - Need to see at least 4 Satellites
• Determines location based on timing differences - Longitude, latitude, altitude
• Mobile device location services and geotracking - Maps, directions, Determine physical location based on GPS, WiFi, and cellular towers

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

MDM (Mobile Device Management)

 

• Manage compnay-owned and user-owned mobile devices - BYOD (Bring Your Own Device)
• Centralized management of the mobile devices -  Specialized functionality
• Set policies on apps, data, camera, etc - Control th eremote device, The entire device or a "Partition"
• Manage access control - Force screen locks and PINs on these single user devices

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

MDM configurations

 

• Corporate email configuration - User does not need to configure anything, The MDM makes the changes on the device
• Two-factor authentication - Require specific authentication types, Biometrics, pseudo-random authentiction app
• Corporate applications - Allow or restrict app installation, Prevent unauthorized app usage

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

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Mobille Device Configurations

 

 

Configuration a mobile device

 

• Many settings are preconfigured - Telephone / text messaging
• Email - Everyone handles email services differently, Corporate email configruations can vary
• Data synchronization - Based on data rates and speeds, Important for backup and recovery

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Microsoft 365

 

• Outlook, Exchange - Microsoft's email service, Usually the same for Hotmail and outlook.com
• Authenticate to Microsoft 365 - Username, password
• Select the items to synchronize - Changes in Outlook will appear on the mobile device
• Same process for Google Workspace - Formerly known as G suite

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

iCloud

Keep these updated, and backup

 

• Integrated into iOS and iPad OS - Provide an iCloud username and password
• Select synchronization options - Extensive customization
• Synchromize to macOS - Use your desktop, laptop, or mobile device

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Synchromizing data

 

• Data types - Mail, Pictures, music, video, calendar, contacts
• Data caps and transfer costs - Cellular vs. 802.11, Enable or disable network connections, Control the use of cellular downloads